Crime and Punishment as a Polyphonic Novel :: Crime Punishment Essays

The term 'polyphony' was introduced into literary theory by Mikhail Bakhtin in his à Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¡Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ » à ¯Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ½Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ªÃƒ ¨ Äà ®Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ªÃƒ ®Ãƒ £Ãƒ ®. The polyphonic novel is dialogic rather than monologic; this means that multiple voices can be heard, and each voice represents an alternative version of 'the truth'. (NB. The use of dialogue as a formal device does not make a novel polyphonic in the Bakhtinian sense; genuine polyphony entails a sense of ambivalence, a situation where the different voices compete with one another and represent alternative viewpoints between which the reader cannot make a straightforward choice.) In Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov is the main focalizer: his point of view is adopted by the third-person narrator almost throughout (exceptions include a small number of episodes involving Svidrigaylov, and the relatively impersonal first chapter of the the Epilogue). The reader is thus allowed access into Raskolnikov's inner world, and although third-person narration is used, the novel as a whole comes close to being the central character's interior monologue. Nevertheless, there is also a strong tendency towards dialogue. This has several manifestations: (1) Actual dialogues between characters are of central importance in shaping not only the events but also Raskolnikov's mental processes; in relation to Raskolnikov, the other characters with their distinctive voices all represent alternative truths and alternative points of view. The other characters, and their ideas and values, are perceived through the prism of Raskolnikov's consciousness: their voices echo in his mind, and he reacts to the ideas put forward by these external voices, often entering into a mental dialogue with them. (2) Raskolnikov also conducts an endless dialogue with himself (frequently addressing himself in the second person); the voice of his shrewd intellect alternates with the voice of conscience, and a lucid understanding of his situation coexists with unaccountable (even contradictory) emotional reactions. (3) The reader also has access to Raskolnikov's subconscious mind (the voice of the subconscious) in the context of his nightmarish visions (see especially chapters I:5 and III:6) In all, Raskolnikov's mind becomes a battlefield where a number of different internal and external voices (representing different ideas and world-views, or different facets of Raskolnikov's personality) keep vying for supremacy.

Silicones And Solar Power Engineering Essay

AbstractionThis study aims to discourse the subject of solar power and silicones. In that it aims to discourse the development of solar energy extraction engineering over the clip period of fifteenth Century BC to show twenty-four hours. Besides included in this study are brief treatments of the types of solar aggregators presently in usage and the developing engineerings in this field. It further addresses the subject of silicones. First it will dissect the formation of silicones. The assorted procedures involved in the industry, and polish of Silicones. One of the purposes of this study is to discourse the multi-functionality of Silicones and their utilizations in industry, and specifically to turn to the issue of the usage of silicones in the solar Industry. The Final purpose of this study is to discourse the possible usage of silicones in PV faculties, in peculiar their usage as a coating for solar panels. Besides it aims to reason that the usage of silicones will lengthen the life of solar faculties by giving equal protection to the solar cells. The study is based on research carried out relevant to the subjects above mentioned. Research was carried out utilizing assorted web sites, a TCE article and books, subsequently referenced in the study. The consequence of this study is the research carried out on the subject. The chief decision of this study is the recommendation for the hereafter usage of silicones in the production of PV faculties.IntroductionThe topic of this study is to analyze the subject of solar power and potency for silicones in the country. The chief job being handled in this study is whether the usage of silicones is a executable method for bettering the life anticipation of solar faculties. Solar energy is a topic really much in current treatment as renewable energy Begins to be viewed with more favors, due to the frights of a possible deficit of fossil fuels, and an increased fright of the inauspicious effects of the combustion of these fuels. The intent of this papers is to foreground the possibility of solar energy as being a feasible beginning of energy in the hereafter and to foreground the betterments that can be made to solar cells, and thereby solar faculties by utilizing silicones as portion of their industry. The range of this papers extends to a brief treatment of the development of solar energy engineering over the clip period of fifteenth Century BC to show twenty-four hours. It besides briefly trades with the subject of the formation of silicones and their current usage. The research for this subject was carried out over a period of 10 hebdomads.Theory: Solar EnergyHistoryThere is a popular belief that solar power has merely been around for the past four or five decennaries. But in world it has been around for much longer. Let us get down with the earliest reference of the usage of the Sun for the benefits of adult male, in the fifteenth Century BC. Though it may be nil more than a myth, there is reference of the â€Å" Sounding Statues † of the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenkotep III. He claimed that his statues operated when the air in their base bases expanded after exposure to sunshine. Another possible myth sing the usage of solar power is 212 BC. In one of the most dramatic of early applications of solar energy it is said that the Grecian mastermind Archimedes. Harmonizing to legend he used a â€Å" Burning mirror † mirror to put the ships of the occupying Roman ships alight. He did this while they were still about 121.4 ft off. From Archimedes we move into the seventeenth Century AD The first application of solar energy after the autumn of the Roman Empire was in 1615. Salomon de Caux constructed the first device to be categorized as a â€Å" solar engine † . He constructed a device made of glass lenses, a supporting frame and an air-tight metal vas incorporating H2O and air. Its map was merely to bring forth a little H2O fountain when the air heated up during operation. It was considered more a plaything than a workhorse device. The physicist Athanasius Kircher ( 1601-1608 ) experimented during the mid 17th century with mirrors. He attempted to put fire to wood at a distance in an attempt to animate the so 1,800 twelvemonth old technique of Archimedes. Where Kircher worked with mirrors, a German mathematician, Ehrenfried Von Tschirnhaus ( 1651-1708 ) focused his work on lens type concentrators. He designed and constructed lenses up to about 30 inches in diameter. Using these he was capable of runing ceramic stuffs with concentrated sunshine. With this we take leave of the 17th century and switch our focal point to the eighteenth century. One of the most active figures in the eighteenth century with respects to solar energy was a Gallic scientist, George Louis Lecrec Buffon ( 1707-1788 ) . He was responsible for a series of multiple-mirror solar furnaces, the largest consisting of some 360 little planar mirrors, all separately focussed on a common point. In 1747, in the Gallic Royal Gardens, Buffon used 168 mirrors to light a heap of wood from a distance of about 195 ft. Buffon concluded that Archimedes could in fact have set fire to the Roman ships, but he estimated that he could non hold done so from a distance greater than 150ft. He based this decision about strictly on the premise that Archimedes was utilizing engineering far inferior to his ain, and hence could non hold equalled his ain device. Regardless of Buffon ‘s â€Å" decision † the inquiry sing Archimedes ‘ â€Å" Burning Mirror † still remains open. In 1977 D. L. Simms wrote in â€Å" Burning Question † Scientific Am. 236 ( 6 ) :64 ( 1977 ) 2, that â€Å" there are ample historical, scientific, and military evidences for reasoning that Archimedes did non utilize a combustion mirror as a arm of war â€Å" . Simms felt that Archimedes would hold been capable of ciphering the radiant flux necessary to make the occupation, and that Archimedes would non hold used a method of such low chance of success. Claude Poillet, a Gallic mathematician-scientist was one of the first people to concern himself with mensurating sunlight strength. He estimated that â€Å" the useable energy from the Sun per square pace of the Earth ‘s surface between the equator and about 43A ° N or S latitude was about 1/6 thermic unit per second, which corresponds to about one HP † 3. A Swiss naturalist, Nicholas de Saussure ( 1740-1799 ) , conducted the first recorded experiments in utilizing solar beams for cookery intents. His solar oven was called a â€Å" heat box † . Its composing consisted of multiple detached glass screens positioned over a blackened surface. The underside and sides of it were surrounded with insularity. It was recorded to hold achieved a temperature of 320A °F. The nineteenth century brought away a somewhat different solar oven. It was introduced by an English uranologist, John Fredrick Herschel. He built as little solar oven while on a trip to Africa ‘s Cape of Good Hope. It was constructed of mahogany painted black. He so buried it in the sand for intents of insularity. The lone portion of it left exposed was a dual glazed screen. This served to minimise heat loss from the top, while still allowing in sunshine. The oven is reported to hold reached a maximal temperature of 240A °F 1. In 1839 A. Edmund Becquerel, a Gallic physicist foremost discovered the photovoltaic consequence while experimenting with metal home bases. He discovered that some stuffs were photoconductive and could make little electrical charges when exposed to light4. However the first photovoltaic cell was non built until 1882, by an American discoverer Charles Fritts. He coated the semiconducting material Se with an highly thin bed of gold to organize the junctions5. One of the most fecund â€Å" solar energy innovators † was a Gallic Physics professor Augustin Mouchot ( 1825-1911 ) . Mouchot was responsible for originating 20 old ages of authorities funded experimentation with reflector type concentrators in 1860. His attempts in the field led to the construct, design and building of the first reflector devices based on the form of a abbreviated cone. These devices are now known as axicons. They were intended to concentrate sunlight along the cardinal axis of the cone instead than its predecessor devices which were designed to concentrate visible radiation to a individual point focal point. Mouchot built several solar powered steam engines between 1864 and 1882. Mouchot ‘s reflectors were built of â€Å" silver plated sheet metals, appropriately mounted so that the full device could be easy turned to follow the place of the Sun. The collection surfaces ( of a typical Mouchot assembly ) had an country of 40ft2 and was connected to a boiler which received about 87 % of the Sun ‘s heat † 3.Due to the available engineering of the clip the devices were connected to extremely inefficient steam engines, which yielded overall low public presentation. Though the eighteenth century brought the greatest organic structure of work on the solar energy forepart and the nineteenth century saw the superb Mouchot and his innovation of the abbreviated cone shaped reflector. It was the twentieth century that brought solar energy engineering to new degrees of variegation. In 1900 and 1911, patents were issued for sub-atmospheric-pressure solar engines, to E. H. McHenry. These engines used working fluids to bring forth power. Water was used to roll up heat and â€Å" a on the job fluid of lower boiling point than H2O ( was used ) to drive † 1.E. C. Ketcham received a patent for a similar system in 1905. The two- fluid system was introduced to avoid the low efficiency jobs which had been observed by Mouchot. The first experiments with level home base aggregators began in 1902. They were carried out by H. E. Willsie and John Boyle, Jr. The level home base device was a really shallow box with a black internal surface, a clear glass screen home base. The device was cooled by some signifier of transportation fluid flow normally H2O. This type of device does non concentrate sunshine as do lens-type and mirror type aggregators. However it is able to roll up and use diffuse sunshine every bit good as direct radiation, therefore their device was able to run over more widely changing conditions conditions. It was reported that though their device was built utilizing petroleum stuffs, its public presentation was such that â€Å" even in cold natural October conditions ( temperatures ) were high plenty to zap sulfur dioxide for the engine. â€Å" 1 In 1907 research began on level home base aggregators by Frank Schuman, of Philadelphia. Again, like Willsie and Boyle, H2O was used as the heat transportation fluid and a 2nd fluid was used to drive a steam engine. The fluid used was ether. His installing was located in Tacony, Pennsylvania, and included 1200ft2 of aggregation surface. The engine developed 3.5 horsepower, with a boiler temperature of 240A ° F. Encouraged by the public presentation of his units Shuman founded the Eastern Sun Power Company Limited in 1908.Types of Solar Collectors Presently in UseFlat Plate Collectorhypertext transfer protocol: //www.solarserver.com/uploads/pics/flachkollektor-e.gif A level home base aggregator consists of an absorber, a transparent screen, a frame, and insularity. 6 Traditionally an iron-poor solar safety glass is used as a transparent screen. This is because it transmits a great sum of the short-wave visible radiation spectrum. Simultaneously, merely really small of the heat emitted by the absorber escapes the screen due to the nursery consequence. Besides the transparent screen prevents wind and breezes from transporting the collected heat off, by convection. Together with the frame, the screen protects the absorber from inauspicious conditions conditions.6 Typical frame stuffs include aluminum and galvanized steel, and on occasion frames are made of fibreglass-reinforced plastic. The intent of the insularity at the dorsum of the absorber and on the side walls is to decrease the heat loss through conductivity. Usually insularity is polyurethane froth or mineral wool, sometimes mineral fiber insulating stuffs like glass wool, stone wool, and fiberglass is used. Heat loss can be reduced within the frame by convection air can be pumped out of the aggregator tubing. Such aggregators can so be called evacuated- tubing aggregators. These must be re-evacuated one time every one to three years.6 This brings us to the subject of evacuated tubing aggregators.Evacuated Tube Collectorshypertext transfer protocol: //www.solarserver.com/typo3temp/pics/5fb2adc895.gif In this type of vacuity aggregator, the absorber strip is located in an evacuated and force per unit area cogent evidence glass tubing. The heat transportation fluid flow through the absorber straight in a U-tube or in counter-current in a tubing in tubing system. The solar aggregator is composed of several serially interconnected, or tubes connected to each other via manifold. 6 A heat pipe aggregator incorporates a particular fluid which begins to zap even at low temperatures. The steam rises in the single heat pipes and warms up the carries fluid in the chief pipe by agencies of a heat money changer. The condensed liquid so flux back into the base of the heat pipe. The pipes must be angled at a specific angle above the horizontal to guarantee that optimum degrees of the procedure of evaporating and distilling maps. There are two types of aggregator connexion to the solar circulation system. Either the heat money changer extends straight into the manifold, and called a â€Å" wet connexion † , or it is connected to the manifold by a heat- conducting stuff, and called a â€Å" dry connexion † . A â€Å" dry connexion † allows the exchange of single tubings without necessitating the voidance of the full system of its fluid. Evacuated tubings offer the advantage that they work expeditiously. An advantage offered by evacuated tubings is that they work expeditiously with high absorber temperatures and with low radiation. Higher temperatures besides may be obtained for applications such as hot H2O warming, steam production, and air conditioning.6Solar panelhypertext transfer protocol: //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Photovoltaic_panel_at_the_National_Solar_Energy_Center_in_Israel.jpg/220px-Photovoltaic_panel_at_the_National_Solar_Energy_Center_in_Israel.jpg ( PV cellsA connected together in a solar panel. ) A solar panel is a aggregation of interrelated solar cells which are besides known as photovoltaic cells. Solar panels can besides be used as constituents of larger photovoltaic systems used to bring forth and provide electrical power for commercial and domestic applications. Due to the fact that a individual solar cell can merely bring forth a limited sum of power, many installings contain a several panels. A typical photovoltaic system contains an array of solar panels, an inverter, complecting wires and a battery. 11Photovoltaic CellsPhotovoltaicsA ( PV ) is a method of bring forthing electrical power by convertingA solar radiation intoA direct current electricityA utilizing semiconductorsA that exhibit the photovoltaic consequence. 12 On exposure to light electromotive force or a corresponding electric current is created in a stuff. The photovoltaic consequence is straight related to the photoelectric consequence. But the two procedures are different and should ever be distinguished. In the photoelectric consequence, negatrons are ejected from a stuff ‘s surface upon exposure to radiation of a sufficient energy. In the photovoltaic consequence nevertheless there is a difference. The negatrons generated are transferred between different sets within the stuff ( i.e. from the cornice to conduction sets ) , ensuing in the physique up of a electromotive force between two electrodes. In most photovoltaic applications the radiation, is sunlight and due to this ground the devices are known as solar cells. In the instance of a p-n junction solar cell, upon light the stuff creates an electric current as aroused negatrons and the staying holes are swept in different waies by constitutional electric field of the depletion part. Photovoltaic power coevals employsA solar panelsA composed of a figure of cells incorporating a photovoltaic stuff. Materials soon used for photovoltaics include monocrystaline Si, polycrystalline Si, formless Si, Cd telluride, and Cu In selenide/sulphide. P V Cell diagram Solar panels use light energy, i.e. photons, from the Sun to bring forth electricity utilizing the photovoltaic consequence. The burden transporting member of a faculty can either be the top bed or the back bed. 11 The modern photovoltaic cell was developed in 1954 atA Bell Laboratories.A This extremely efficient solar cell was foremost developed byA Daryl Chapin, A Calvin Souther FullerA and Gerald Pearson in 1954 utilizing a diffused Si p-n junction. The interrelated solar cells are normally embedded in crystalline ethene vinyl ethanoate, fitted with an aluminium or chromium steel steel frame and covered with crystalline glass on the front side to do a solar faculty. The bulk of solar faculties use wafer-based crystalline silicone cells or thin-film cells based on Cd telluride or Si. The cells must so be connected electrically to one another and to the remainder of the system. These electrical connexions can be made in two ways. They are made either in series to accomplish a coveted end product electromotive force and/ or in parallel to supply a coveted current beginning capableness. A Silicones can be used in two applications during the fabrication procedure. First they are used for sealing the cell into the frame and secondly as an alternate method to ethylene vinyl ethanoate for encapsulating the solar cell.Coevalss of Solar cellsIn the last few old ages several new photovoltaic engineerings have been researched, with an purpose to happening as effectual alternate to silicon-based solar cells. The research and development in this country by and large aims to supply higher efficiency and lower costs per W of electricity generated. Some in the solar cell industry place different â€Å" coevalss † of solar cell engineering. First coevals solar cells: Solar cells made o semiconducting p-n junctions. Second coevals: Solar cells: Solar cells based on first coevals cells bur focussed on cut downing the cost f the same by using thin movie engineerings. Third coevals: The 3rd coevals is slightly equivocal in the engineerings that it encompasses. Generally it tends to include among others, PV cell systems utilizing multi-layer ( tandem ) cells made of formless Si or Ga arsenide, non-semiconductor engineerings ( including polymer-based cells and biomimetics ) , while more theoretical developments are still in consideration. These include frequence transition, hot- bearer effects and other multiple-carrier expulsion, quantum point engineerings, dye-synthesized solar cells and upconversion engineerings. Presently the theoretical upper bound of the transition of sunshine to electricity is 33 % for a standard solar cell. But the Carnot bound for the same is about 95 % . This opens up a window of chance for heightening the efficiency of solar cells two or three times provided that assorted constructs can be put into usage for bettering efficiency without bearing high costs. These cell engineerings have the possible to get the better of the Shockley-Queisser bound of 31-41 % power efficiency for individual bandgap solar cells. This is what has been attempted by 3rd coevals solar cells, alternate stuffs to tackle the solar energy. 10 Innovalight is one of the Bay Area-based Startups that have pioneered the development of silicon nanoink-based solar cells. Beginnings claim, lab efficiencies are every bit high as 36 % .Current Use of Solar PowerPresently Solar energy is going progressively popular due to its sustainability, its little demand for care and its long term cost-effectiveness. 8 Presently the energy collected via the Sun is put to many utilizations. The chief beingWaterPart of the solar energy harnessed is used to pump H2O in distant countries. In peculiar it is used to power off-grid desalinization workss. Industry Solar energy has been used to power Television and wireless repeater Stationss, which are automated Stationss that transmit signals ) . It is besides used to power beacons, buoys and aircraft warning visible radiations on edifices and other constructions. Heat Solar energy can be used to heat residential places, whereby the energy is used to heat the H2O supply and, peculiarly in Florida, swimming pools are heated in this mode. â€Å" A photovoltaic cell is installed on the roof to roll up solar energy and is used to warm a heat transportation fluid that is used to heat the H2O itself. †Transportation systemâ€Å" Increasingly, solar energy is being used to power public transit vehicles such as coachs, streetcars and light-rails. Plans for solar-powered coach shelters are in the plants every bit good † .Consumer MerchandisesSmall appliance, such as reckoners and tickers, frequently use solar energy. Life Span Current solar cells have as effectual life span of approximately 20 to 25 old ages. Their value and electrical power end product lessenings steadily over clip. This occurs due to have on and rupture of usage. As the outer protective coating of glass wears off the internal constituents go more susceptible to damage.20Theory: SiliconesSiliconesDefinition: SiliconesA are inert, man-made compounds with a broad assortment of signifiers and utilizations. They are typically heat-resistant andA rubber-like. 13FormationSilicones are formed by the transition of chlorosilane monomers into polymer merchandises. This normally involves 2-4 procedures Hydrolysis plus killing Acid decrease of the hydrolysate In some instances Conversion of hydrolysate to cyclic oligomers Polymerization Equilibration Or Bodying of the hydrolysate to cyclic oligomers Depriving Devolatilization Or Solvent remotion Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in the procedure of which molecules of H2O are split into hydrogen cat-ions ( H+ , referred to asA protons for convenience ) and hydroxide anions ( OHa?’ ) , in the procedure of the chemical mechanism.A This is a type of reaction used to interrupt down certain polymers, specifically those made by a step-growth polymerisation. Such a procedure is normally catalysed either acerb or base. A common acid used is sulfuric acid ( H2SO4 ) , and a common base used is sodium hydrated oxide ( NaOH ) . 14, 15Silicon ProductionSilicon does non be on its ain in nature. Generally it is bonded with O, organizing stuffs such as sand and vitreous silica and granite stone. The silicon- O bond in vitreous silica is reputably so stable it can merely be broken by white heat. 9Silicon manufacturers cut down top-quality vitreous silica sand to elemental Si via a carbo-thermic smelting procedure: Formula for cut downing sand to elemental Si This reaction occurs in an electric furnace at & lt ; 1,400A °C ( & lt ; 2,600A °F ) . In it the C monoxide gas ( g ) leaves the furnace so the Si can non respond with the C to organize Si dioxide. The liquefied elemental Si, which is about 99 per centum pure, is so cooled and broken into balls. When used in silicone production, the Si is ground into a all right pulverization to increase the surface country available for reactions.Methylchloride productionMethylchloride is produced by distilling methyl alcohol with hydrochloric acid: Formula for distilling methyl alcohol with hydrochloric acid to bring forth methylchloride Two methyl groups ( CH3 ) must attach to each Si atom to bring forth one molecule of dimethyldichlorosilane. Dimethyldichlorosilane is the basicA silicone edifice block. 9Synthesization of chlorosilanesChlorosilanes are synthesized in a fluid bed reactor at temperatures runing from 250 to 300A °C ( 482 to 572A °F ) and at force per unit areas of 1 to 5 bars. The methyl chloride ( CH3Cl ) flows through a fluidized bed of Si metal powder.9 The reaction, is catalyzed by a copper-based accelerator, generates a complex mix of methyl chlorosilanes: Formula for the chlorosilanes synthesis reaction The methyl chlorosilane mix contains: A big sum of dimethyldichlorosilane ( Me2SiCl2 ) – the primaryA edifice block A moderate sum of methyltrichlorosilane ( MeSiCl3 ) Some trimethylchlorosilane ( Me3SiCl ) A little sum of methyldichlorosilane ( MeHSiCl2 ) Plus smaller sums of other silanes The chlorosilanes are so separated from one another through the procedure ofA distillment.Distillation of chlorosilanesDistillation is a procedure in which a liquid undergoes two stage alterations. One in which it transforms from a liquid to a gas and a 2nd where it reforms into a liquid. Each of the chlorosilanes produced during theA synthesisA phase has a alone boiling point. These boiling points are used to purify the chlorosilanes from one another based on the figure of Cl atoms attached to the molecule. Because the boiling points of the assorted chlorosilanes are so near together, really tall distillment columns are required to divide them. Once separated, the chlorosilanes are ready to be turned into utile siloxanes through the procedure ofA hydrolysis and condensation.9Hydrolysation and Condensation of ChlorosilanesFirst H2O is added to dimethyldichlorosilane ( the principal chlorosilane ) , as this done the two react to organize disilanol and hydrochloric acid. This occurs because O feels a greater attractive force for Si than Cl ; and chlorine feels a greater attractive force for H than O ( Me = CH3 ) . 9 demand elevations text The disilanols formed are unstable and strongly attracted to one another. These are so catalyzed by the hydrochloric acid, where they condense into polydimethylsiloxanes -which are molecules incorporating a anchor of Si atoms bonded to oxygen atoms. Hydrolysis and condensation occur spontaneously, at the same time, and really rapidly. These reactions are a regular â€Å" ageless chemical science machine, † ensuing in a mixture of: Cyclic ringsA ( with 3-6 reiterating SiO units ) Linear chainsA ( with 30-50 reiterating SiO units ) The cyclic and additive oligomers ( mini-polymers ) are separated from one another and distilled into cuts based on the figure of SiO units in the concatenation. Some are used as they are ( cyclosiloxane and low-molecular-weightA silicone fluids, for illustration ) . But the bulk are furtherA polymerized and finishedA to make a broad array of stuffs with an astonishing scope of public presentation capabilities.16Silicone PropertiesSilicones can be considered a molecular loanblend between glass and organic additive polymers. In which if as Si atom is bonded merely to oxygen atoms the construction formed is an inorganic glass called a Q-type Si. If one O atom is replaced with an R-group, such as a methyl, ethyl or phenyl, so a rosin or silesquioxane, or T-type Si, is formed. This type of stuff is more flexible than a Q-type stuff. Hereafter if two O atoms are replaced by organic groups, so the ensuing stuff formed is a really flexible additive polymer, known as D-type Si.19 This increased flexibleness found with diminishing cross-linking consequences in a low glass passage of the additive polymers. Due to this low glass passage silicones typically besides have a low modulus one time formulated and cured, specifically when compared to organic polymers. The modulus in additive silicones can be rather low by and large due to low crosslink denseness and in this signifier silicones frequently function to alleviate emphasis due a mismatch of coefficients of thermic enlargement, between two constituents in many applications. 19Derived MerchandisesLubricants: Silicones are used to deduce a dry-set lubricator is delivered with a dissolver bearer to perforate the mechanism. The solvent evaporates go forthing a clear movie that lubricates but does non pull soil and grit every bit much as traditional â€Å" moisture † lubricator. Assorted silicones are used as several types of lubricating oils. They are used for bike ironss, air-soft gun parts and a broad sc ope of other mechanisms. Poting: Potting is a procedure InA electronics in which a complete circuit assembly is filled with a solid compound for opposition to floor, and quiver, and for exclusion of wet and caustic agents.17 Silicone is frequently used as a potting agent. Encasing electronic equipment in this mode improves the stableness of the equipment against, mechanical daze, electrical daze, radiation, and quiver. Other utilizations of silicone include Rainproof coatings: Silicone movies can be applied to silica-based substrates like glass used as a signifier of insularity. Fabrics may be coated or impregnated with silicone to organize a strong, rainproof complex such asA silnylon. Besides silicone caulk can be used as a basic sealer against H2O and air penetration.http: //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Caulking.jpg/160px-Caulking.jpgSilicones as Solar EncapsulantsLED, Photovoltaic and other light sensitive devices require UV stable non yellowing encapsulants for protection and improved light transmittal. Optically Clear Silicones are best suited to this type of operation. These can be found in different scopes of hardness, viscousness, mix ratio, room temperature remedy, and heat remedy. This allows them to be adaptable and to run efficaciously in different conditions.Protection offered by SiliconesSolar cells are presently being implemented in parts every bit diverse as Germany and the Sahara. In consequence this means that the silicones need to be able to offer protection against really diverse inauspicious climes. Silicones need to be able to protect against the effects of sustained rain showers such as those happening in Asia, during monsoon season, while besides being able to prolong continual harm caused by desert air currents. Following this Protection is besides required from the effects of continual alterations in the clime. One illustration of the gradual wear of stuff is due to Aeolian or wind eroding. This type of eroding occurs about chiefly in the desert, where many industrial graduated table solar workss are installed.18ConsequencesFrom my research I have gathered that: Current solar engineering relies to a great extent on p-n junction photovoltaic cells. The current coevals of solar engineering is being implemented across Europe, in the United States of America, and major plants are being carried out in the African comeuppances. Current solar cells use a glass window glass as a screen for the external screen of the solar cell. The mean life span for a solar cell is between 20 and 25 old ages. Silicones have the advantage of being really versatile in their formation. They can be formed to accommodate the environment in which they will be implemented. There is possible in the current solar cell market for silicones to be used as screens, or coatings for PV faculties.DecisionsWhy Silicones and the PV faculty assembly market are perfect for each other:Mechanical belongingss that stay about changeless over a broad scope of temperatures & A ; remain about changeless over a broad scope of temperatures. UV stableness Low Equilibrium wet content Electrical insularity Fire opposition Hi degree of adhesion Optical transparence Silicones are an ideal merchandise household to run into the demands in the PV faculty assembly market. Their citations include mechanical belongingss that remain about changeless over a broad scope of temperatures, and remain stable even after long periods of exposure at high temperatures. UV stableness, low equilibrium wet content, electrical insularity, and fire opposition are built-in in silicones due to their chemical nature. In add-on to this decently formulated silicone preparations can exhibit really fast remedy rates, high degree of adhesion to many hard- to stick-to substances, and optical transparence. All of these contribute to high lastingness in out-of-door exposure, and higher efficiency due to more effectual usage o the visible radiation from the solar spectrum. In the UV-visible wavelength part silicones are extremely crystalline, this makes them ideal campaigners for cell encapsulants. They can be formulated to hold low modulus and be stress alleviating piece besides holding first-class adhesion to the glass and cell substrates.RecommendationsFrom my research carried out in this country of survey it is my recommendation that silicones be used as the criterion method for encapsulating PV cells, and thereby PV faculties. The current PV cells comprise chiefly of p-n junction solar cells, the general layout and design of which was discussed earlier in the study. Silicones would do a really suited covering/ encapsulant for these types of solar faculties as they can be formed into extremely flexible stuff that can easy surface the outer bed of the faculty. Once on the stuff the silicone can so be hardened/ solidified to organize a lasting coating on the PV faculty. The silicone coating can so efficaciously protect the constituents of the PV faculty from external harm caused by corrosion. This efficaciously means protection from the effects o weather corrosion, such as wear and tear caused by the rain, Sun etc†¦ †¦ As silicones offer protection from all of the above they are ideally situated to be used as solar encapsulants. Meinel, A.B. , and M. P. Meinel. Applied solar Energy-An Introduction ( Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. , 1976 ) . And Rau, H. Solar Energy and Everyone ( California: Straight Arrow Books, 1975 ) . â€Å" Burning Question † Scientific Am. 236 ( 6 ) :64 ( 1977 ) . Rau, H. Solar Energy and Everyone ( California: Straight Arrow Books, 1975 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/about_5098013_photovoltaic-effect.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thegeminigeek.com/who-invented-solar-panels/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.solarserver.com/knowledge/basic-knowledge/solar-collectors.html hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/facts_5185557_current-uses-solar-energy.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dowcorning.com/content/discover/discoverchem/chlorosilane-hydrolysis.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.growthconsulting.frost.com/web/images.nsf/0/5C8C038AEE4690D96525744E001A9C9B/ $ File/TI.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicone ( A IUPAC, A Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd erectile dysfunction. ( the â€Å" Gold Book † ) ( 1997 ) . Online corrected version: A ( 2006- ) â€Å" hydrolysis † . ^A IUPAC, A Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd erectile dysfunction. ( the â€Å" Gold Book † ) ( 1997 ) . Online corrected version: A ( 2006- ) â€Å" solvolysis † . ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dowcorning.com/content/discover/discoverchem/chlorosilane-hydrolysis.aspx ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dmoz.org/Business/Electronics_and_Electrical/Contract_Manufacturing/Printed_Circuit_Boards/Assembly/ hypertext transfer protocol: //geography.about.com/od/physicalgeography/a/erosion.htm The Chemical Engineer, November, 2009 hypertext transfer protocol: //searchwarp.com/swa139552.htm

Cundo un ciudadano puede pedir green card a hijastros

Los ciudadanos americanos pueden pedir la green card, tambià ©n conocida como tarjeta de residencia permanente,  para los hijos extranjeros de su marido o de su mujer. Las reglas son distintas si los hijos son menores de 21 aà ±os y solteros o si son mayores o està ¡n casados. Aplican las mismas normas para los casos en los que el varà ³n es el estadounidense y la mujer la extranjera y se pide a los hijos de à ©sta o el caso contrario. Es decir, cuando una mujer estadounidense contrae matrimonio con un hombre forà ¡neo y solicita la tarjeta de residencia permanente para los hijos de à ©ste. Requisitos del matrimonio entre ciudadano y extranjero para poder pedir a los hijos de à ©ste El primer requerimiento para poder pedir a un hijastro es que el và ­nculo entre ciudadano estadounidense y el cà ³nyuge extranjero sea un  matrimonio legal và ¡lido en el lugar en el que se celebraron, no una mera relacià ³n de pareja o de hecho. Por otro lado, nunca se admiten los casos de bigamia, que en los Estados Unidos se considerado como un delito. Ademà ¡s, seà ±alar que las leyes federales de migracià ³n reconocen los mismos derechos a los matrimonios heterosexuales, conformados por una mujer y un varà ³n, que a los formados con dos personas del mismo sexo.   Pero,  ¿quià ©nes se consideran hijastros? A los efectos de peticià ³n de ciudadano para hijastros la ley es muy clara y pide que se cumplan dos requerimientos. En primer lugar, que se trate de hijos biolà ³gicos del cà ³nyuge extranjero casado con un ciudadano o que se trate de un hijo adoptado legalmente. Sà ³lo se admiten esos dos casos, por lo tanto quedan excluidas situaciones como hijos de crianza, tutor legal, etc. En segundo lugar, el ciudadano estadounidense sà ³lo podrà ¡ pedir a los hijastros que tenà ­an menos de 18 aà ±os en el momento de celebrarse el casorio, aunque los reclame aà ±os mà ¡s tarde cuando ya son mà ¡s mayores de dicha edad. Es fundamental entender que los hijastros con los 18 aà ±os cumplidos o mayores en el momento en el que su mamà ¡ o su papà ¡ se casà ³ con un ciudadano americano no pueden ser pedidos por à ©ste mediante este procedimiento. Si bien hay otras opciones que se explican en este artà ­culo mà ¡s abajo. Si se cumplen estos dos requisitos, se aplican reglas distintas segà ºn la edad y el estado civil del hijastro. Hijastros menores de 21 aà ±os que està ¡n solteros Este grupo de personas se considera como familiares inmediatos de un ciudadano americano. Esto es muy importante porque al estar en esta categorà ­a no  hay là ­mites anuales al nà ºmero de personas que pueden conseguir la green card por este camino. Sà ³lo hay que esperar a que se apruebe su peticià ³n, lo que generalmente toma sà ³lo unos meses. La tramitacià ³n de los papeles se inicia enviando el formulario I-130 al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a, USCIS por sus siglas en inglà ©s. Se debe completar uno por cada hijastro y antes de iniciar los trà ¡mites verificar que se tienen ingresos suficientes para patrocinar y que el hijastro pedido no tiene en su historial ninguna causa que vaya a provocar que se le deniegue la green card. Si los hijastros està ¡n ya en Estados Unidos hay que ver si està ¡n en condicià ³n de ajustar su estatus.   Si entraron ilegalmente al paà ­s no serà ¡ posible ajustar el estatus, por lo que antes de iniciar ningà ºn trà ¡mite consultar con un abogado ya que tendrà ¡n que salir del paà ­s para completar la tramitacià ³n y deben tener claro las posibles consecuencias negativas de la aplicacià ³n del castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aà ±os y tambià ©n verificar si esa regla les aplica o pueden estar excluidos. Si està ¡n en el extranjero, el USCIS debe aprobar primero la peticià ³n y posteriormente  se comunicarà ¡ con  el Centro Nacional de Visas y à ©ste con la oficina consular que deba tramitar la visa y con la persona interesada. En estos casos los hijastros del ciudadano  viajarà ¡n a Estados Unidos con una visa de inmigrante y se convertirà ¡n en residentes permanentes en el momento de ingresar al paà ­s.  ¿Quà © pasa si mientras se tramita la green card uno de los hijastros cumple 21 aà ±os? A veces ocurre que se pide al hijastro cuando es soltero y tiene menos de 21 aà ±os, pero la tramitacià ³n se alarga y cumplen los 21 y todavà ­a no tienen los papeles. En estos casos la ley  les protege y sigue considerando que pueden continuar el trà ¡mite ya iniciado. Se trata de una ficcià ³n legal que considera que la edad del pedido se ha congelado.  ¿Quà © pasa si una vez iniciado el trà ¡mite el hijastro se casa? Este es un caso muy distinto al anterior.  Ã‚  El hijastro pasa de ser un familiar inmediato de un ciudadano a ser considerado categorà ­a F3. En estos casos la espera para obtener los papeles es muy larga, siendo incluso mayor en el caso de Mà ©xico cuando se compara con otros paà ­ses de Latinoamà ©rica o Espaà ±a. Se debe consultar el boletà ­n de visas que cada mes publica el Departamento de Estado para un cà ¡lculo aproximado de los tiempos de espera. Hijastros de cualquier edad que està ¡n casados o solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os En este caso, el ciudadano americano todavà ­a puede solicitar la green card para sus hijastros, pero habrà ¡ que esperar a que haya una visa de inmigrante  disponible para ellos. Los solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os son un F1 y los casados de cualquier edad un F3. Recordar que siempre se va a mirar quà © edad tenà ­a la persona pedida en el momento en que su padre o madre se casà ³ con el ciudadano americano que los està ¡ pidiendo y que ese matrimonio debe haber tenido lugar antes de que cumplieran los 18 aà ±os. Otras opciones Para los casos en los que no es posible ninguna de las opciones anteriores porque el matrimonio tuvo lugar despuà ©s de que se cumplieran los 18 aà ±os de edad todavà ­a hay opciones. Por ejemplo, un ciudadano puede pedir a su cà ³nyuge extranjero. Este se convierte en residente permanente legal y , por lo tanto, tiene derecho propio a pedir a sus hijos solteros de cualquier edad (pero no a los casados). Pero ese residente puede, si asà ­ lo desea, solicitar la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n despuà ©s de que pasen 3 aà ±os de casado con ciudadano. Y una vez que convierte en ciudadano puede pedir a sus hijos casados. Consejos a tener en cuenta antes de iniciar la tramitacià ³n Es posible que el USCIS no apruebe la peticià ³n de la residencia permanente para los hijastros. En estos casos, verificar si se puede apelar la decisià ³n. Tambià ©n conviene asegurarse de que se tienen recursos econà ³micos suficientes o, en el caso de no tenerlos, garantizarse un copatrocinador e informarse de cà ³mo  pueden afectar las deudas y/o el mal crà ©dito a las peticiones de familia. Finalmente, para las personas interesadas en la green card se recomienda tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples que ayuda de un modo sencillo a conocer los puntos fundamentales sobre la tarjeta de residencia, cà ³mo obtenerla y cà ³mo conservarla.

Sin in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay

Puritan doctrine taught that all men are totally depraved. And the young Puritan Goodman Brown accepted this principle, after his in-the-woods experience, as applying not only to the Salem village rank-and-file but even to his faultless wife Faith. Is this notion of sin correct? This essay seeks to compare this moral depravity doctrine of the Puritans as seen in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† to the Catholic Church’s teaching on sin, a recognized standard. The influence of Puritan religion, culture and education is a common topic in Nathaniel Hawthornes works. Growing up, Hawthorne could not escape the influence of Puritan society, not only from residing with his fathers devout Puritan family as a child but also due to Hawthornes study†¦show more content†¦The supposed conversion experience he has at this liturgy easily translates into the dream allegory of Hawthorne’s work and allows the author to use Puritan doctrine and the history of Salem to argue the merits and consequences of the belief in man’s total depravity. Such a belief is too harsh to be in accordance with Scripture, I think the Catholic Church would say. Consider how the CCC (Catechism of the Catholic Church) includes God’s Mercy with its treatment of sin(pt3,s1,ch1,art8): 1848 As St. Paul affirms, Where sin increased, grace abounded all the more.118 But to do its work grace must uncover sin so as to convert our hearts and bestow on us righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.119 Like a physician who probes the wound before treating it, God, by his Word and by his Spirit, casts a living light on sin. . . . As Benjamin Franklin V states in Goodman Brown and the Puritan Catechism, Hawthorne used John Cottons Milk for Babes as the education source of Goodman Brown. It was the Puritan belief that man must be instructed to realize his own depravity, and therefore at childhood the education began. The child was taught that he was†conceived in sin, and born in iniquity† (70). This was a very harsh doctrine, with lifelong affects on the minds of Puritan believers. Let us visit the Catechism of the CatholicShow MoreRelatedShort Story Analysis: Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne851 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne Introduction Hawthornes short story Young Goodman Brown is a tale of innocence lost. Set in New England during the Puritan era, the protagonist, Goodman Brown, goes for a walk in the woods one night and meets the devil who tells him. Evil is the nature of mankind. Evil must be your only happiness. Welcome again, to the communion of your race. According to Levin this story is a condemnation of the hypocrisy of the puritan ethic. The Salem witch trialsRead More Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Browns Apocalypse Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Browns Apocalypse      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most criticism and reflection of Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown centers on a good versus evil theme. Critics also debate interpretations of the main characters consciousness; is Brown awake or dreaming.   What is certain is that he lives and dies in pain because his belief in his righteousness isolates him from his community.   It is also certain that Hawthornes interpretation of Browns mid-lifeRead MoreEssay Sin, Guilt, and the Mind of Nathaniel Hawthorne1490 Words   |  6 PagesSin, Guilt, and the Mind of Nathaniel Hawthorne      Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthornes works are notable for their treatment of guilt and the complexities of moral choices. Moral and religious concerns, in short, are almost always present in Hawthornes work(Foster, 56). Given Hawthornes background, it is not a stretch of the imagination to say that his novels are critiques of Puritanism. Hawthorne lived in the deeply scarred New England area, separated from Puritanism by only one generation. His grandfatherRead More Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1512 Words   |  7 PagesAmbiguity and Uncertainty in Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne, through the use of deceptive imagery, creates a sense of uncertainty that illuminates the theme of mans inability to operate within a framework of moral absolutism.   Within every man there is an innate difference between good and evil and Hawthornes deliberate use of ambiguity mirrors this complexity of human nature. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, is misled by believing in the perfectibilityRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown847 Words   |  4 PagesFaith is a word often used to describe the trust that one has in God; as expressed in a novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† In Young Goodman Brown, one of Hawthorne’s biggest themes is faith. Hawthorne wrote this story to illustrations how temptation and the views of others can influence the way an individual lives. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† takes place in the 1800s during the time of the Salem Witch Trials; wh ere emphasis was positioned on the strict moral rules and the searchRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1065 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown, most of us will readily agree that duplicity is a major theme in the piece, or the idea of different versions of reality. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of whether Hawthorne is implying that man is inherently evil. Whereas some are convinced that Young Goodman Brown was good until tainted by the Devil, others maintain that he was evil from the beginning and was completely aware of the evil heRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown from a Moral Standpoint1352 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts. At the age of four, his father passed away from yellow fever, forcing his family to move in with his uncle. The positively influential Uncle Robert Manning pushed Hawthorne to succeed in school and insisted he g o to college. Following his education at Bowdoin College, Hawthorne spent years in isolation mastering the art of writing. It was during those years when Hawthorne discovered that his ancestors were founders and Puritan leaders of the SalemRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1492 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man’s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will breakdown the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society, and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than NathanielRead MoreShort Story Analysis: Young Goodman Brown Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesbut none more intriguing than Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne’s ability to weave stories through the use of complex language and early puritan society narratives has long been a topic of study amongst scholars and young adults, alike. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† explores the idea of good vs. evil and draws many parallels to the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is often debated whether man is born innately good or evil. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† it is possible to see Hawthorne’s stance on this. However, beforeRead MoreThe Use of Color Symbolism by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1024 Words   |  5 Pagesso much symbolism that it captivates the reader to the extent of paralleling the tale with their own life? The principle of symbolism is quite evident in the story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Nathaniel Hawthorn’s work is immersed with symbolism with most of it deriving from his Puritan beliefs. The themes of sin, guilt, innocence, and lust come forth through the uses of color symbolism as well as visual clues. All of these things are dealt with in everyday life in modern America

History And Safety Regulations Of Ancient Egyptian Women

Menstruation is a natural and necessary process that has been occurring since human beings can remember. Because of this necessary process, forms of sanitary protection have been concocted to meet the needs of women to care for themselves during their menstrual bleeding period. There have been numerous approaches used by women from all over the world and over the years. Of the numerous materials, used to collect and dispose of menstrual waste, two have remained most popular, the pad and the tampon. While many might use, and be familiar with their use in their menstrual hygiene, not much is known about what is put in or on them and the regulations surrounding them. This paper hopes to shed a light on the history and safety regulations surrounding the popular menstrual hygiene products- pads and tampons. This papers hopes to answer whether these products are safe. Some of the earliest records we have concerning menstrual hygiene solutions are those of ancient Egyptian women. Egyptian records, that date back to the 15th century B.C., reveal that women, often wealthy, used internal plugs made from soft papyrus or wool. Poorer women, who might not have been able to afford soft papyrus or wool were recorded to have used softened aquatic grasses (Farage 101). Their Greek counterparts, as written by Hippocrates, a famous ancient Greek physician, were said to have created internal plugs as well from lint wrapped around a small piece of wood. The ancient Romans, another civilizedShow MoreRelatedCosmetology : A Cultural And Imperative Practices2407 Words   |  10 Pagesdifferent cultures and societies marking all the way back to Ancient Egypt. Cosmetology from the start has used electrical beauty devices and has increased as a exceedingly professionalized industry. Today cosmetology has become known as a serious career move for plenty of women and me n who want to become financially self-reliant. Now, in cosmetology, you are required to undergo years of examinations to receive a license. Since Ancient Egypt, advanced technology has been formed for ways to bringRead MoreThe Effects Of Cosmetics On The Human Body1366 Words   |  6 PagesMake-up is widely used all over the world by billions of women and men every day. Make-up varies from a wide array of cosmetics such as lipstick, blush, liquid eyeliner, and so much more. Men and women alike have used make-up for centuries. Recently, many have begun using it as a hobby more so than just to get ready. This means consumers are buying cosmetics more than ever today, but do these people actually know what is in their make-up chemically? Most consumers have no idea. In the United StatesRead MoreThe Ugly Truth About Cosmetics1479 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom the Egyptian dynasty. According to the website, The Science and Safety Behind your Favorite Products, â€Å"Men and women in Ancie nt Egypt use scented oils and ointments to clean and soften their skin and mask body odor.† Both men and women during this time were obsessed with cleanliness and self-image of the body. Research also indicates that they even lined their eyes with black kohl and accentuated their lips and cheeks with rouge made from ground carmine beetles. Even in ancient Rome, women wouldRead MoreHistorical Development of Cosmetics Indusrty3992 Words   |  16 Pages once wrote, â€Å"A women without paint is like food with out salt.† The attraction of a beautiful face did not appear yesterday; painted ladies and even gentlemen have been known through time in artwork and illustrations. The art of cosmetics has definitely changed over time and through different cultures including: Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, French, Italians, and Americans. The first archaeological evidence of cosmetics usage was found in Egypt around 3500 BC during the Ancient Egypt times withRead MoreAdvantages of Legalizing Prostitution1749 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution is known as the oldest profession and has been around for millenniums, dating back to Roman, Byzantine, Greek and Egyptian empires (Baldwin, 2004). The ancient cultures of those empires dealt with the needs of the group and consequently developed protocols for dealing with sexual relations that have propagated throughout time to the modern era. As a result, prostitution is prominent in society today. When analyzing the sex trade, the factors of cultural precedence, philosophy, religionRead MoreThe Controversial Topic Of Medical Marijuana1284 Words   |  6 Pagesof the cannabis plant, the medicinal qualities that is possesses, and the repercussions of legalizing it here in America. The marijuana plant, also called cannabis, has been around since ancient times. As far back as 2000 B.C., ancient civilizations used this plant to treat their medical ailments. When Egyptians had sore eyes, they used cannabis to treat it. Doctors in India could be found mixing weed with milk to use as an anesthetic a millennium later. The Greeks also used marijuana to remedy earachesRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1592 Words   |  7 Pages The radical Islamic terrorist organization, recently re-titled â€Å"the Islamic State,† has existed under several names since the 1990s. Its history is an epic of how modern terrorism progressed from a religious and political ideal into an obliterating cult. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a properly-armed group that is a threat to the global security. ISIS, whose merciless members delight in murdering innocent people, must be destroyed before its fanatical followers carry out furtherRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1647 Words   |  7 Pages The Legend on Modernist Terrorism The radical Islamic terrorist organization, recently re-titled â€Å"the Islamic State†, has existed under several names since the 1990s. Its history is an epic of how modern terrorism progressed from a religious and political ideal into an obliterating cult. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a properly-armed group that is a threat to the global security. ISIS, whose merciless members delight in murdering innocent people, must be destroyed beforeRead MoreCosmetic History And Facts About The Cosmetic Industry1731 Words   |  7 Pagessafe to use and is normal. But do we wonder how the cosmetic industry came to the conclusion about their product to support our assumption? According to the website, History of Cosmetics, article: â€Å"Cosmetic History and Facts,† the use of cosmetics dates back some twelve thousand years to the ancient Egyptians when they discovered the properties of healing oils. Soon the use of cosmetics grew throughout their entire population as a way of expression and to honor their gods. Soon almostRead MoreEssay about Herbal Remedies in FDA Limbo2563 Words   |  11 PagesHerbal Remedies in FDA Limbo Thesis: There needs to be regulation of herbal remedies and dietary supplements from an outside source that is not interested in the monetary benefits from the herbal market. Although herbal remedies and dietary supplements can be beneficial to many Americans, the United States needs to implement an administration to analyze, research, and regulate what herbs are in supplements, and their acceptable uses. Introduction:

Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin Internal and External conflicts Free Essays

â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin Internal and External conflicts Sonny is a young boy from Harlem struggling with his addiction to heroin and is eventually sent to jail for it. The Narrator, Sonny’s older brother is a high school Algebra teacher who loses connection with Sonny and does not realize where Sonny is till he reads in the newspaper about Sonny being imprisoned. During Sonny’s journey to get back on his feet once he incurs internal and external conflicts along the way. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin Internal and External conflicts or any similar topic only for you Order Now The series of events leading to Sonny getting back into the real world is really a struggle for him. He tries to find out who he really is and what he should be doing with his life, however along the way it’s not as easy as he would like. With external forces trying to tell him what he should do, such as: His brother, his Mother, and his sister in law’s Mother. His older brother allows him to stay with him until he graduates from college even though that’s not where Sonny’s passion is at. Sonny soon discovers his love for music, Jazz music, and practices every day his piano. This stirs conflict in the house hold because they soon grow tired of Sonny’s constant practicing. However there are also internal forces effecting the decisions that Sonny makes along the way as well, such as: Fighting his drug abuse, finding himself in what he wants to do , and his love for playing Jazz music on the piano. When the narrator finds out that Sonny wants to become a Jazz pianist he is against it and rather Sonny go to school, because the narrator doesn’t think Sonny can make it in the music industry or that there is no future playing Jazz Music. The Narrator and Sonny’s Mother is also and external force because she influenced Sonny’s living situation. Before the Mothers passing she had a conversation with the narrator telling him to watch out, and take care of Sonny. Flashing back to when their Father was alive, he too had a Brother and was killed by a car full of white men that never even bothered to stop. After that event it had their Father all shaken up. And lastly another external force depicted in the story is Sonny’s sister in law’s Mother. When he was supposed to be going to school he would skip much of the time. Sonny got sent multiple truancy letters and would just hide them. It was then that Sonny’s sister in law’s Mother found one and confronted Sonny about it he told her that he had been going to Greenwich  Village hanging out with musicians. It was then that Sonny saw what a burden he had been on the family and decided to join the Navy. Some of the internal conflicts depicted in the story also had a great deal on the decisions Sonny made as well. One of the main ones would be his drug abuse and addiction to Heroin, which is what landed him in jail in the first place and made his life take the course that it did. Him wanting to find himself also had a great influence on the decisions that he made along the way, such as: Getting lost in his addiction, going to College, hanging out at Greenwich Village to hang out with musicians, and going to the Navy. Lastly, a final internal conflict with Sonny is his love for playing Jazz music on the piano. This is what drives him the most and realizes it’s what makes him tick and motivated. Practicing countless hours at a time and joining a band at the Village shows how dedicated he was to his dream. Sonny didn’t allow others to make the decision on what he was going to do in the end and just followed his heart because it was what he loved. At Greenwich Village Sonny was a respected musician and many knew him, ultimately it is where he belonged all along. It’s all of the internal and external conflicts depicted in the story that kept Sonny going. Whether it be the Narrator, Sonny’s Mother, the Sister in law’s Mother, his addiction to Heroin, him wanting to find himself, or his love for playing Jazz music on the Piano. I believe that if it weren’t for all these different forces being presented in Sonny’s life, he wouldn’t have turned into the successful musician that he turned out to be in the end. How to cite Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin Internal and External conflicts, Essay examples

Business Sustainability Performance †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Sustainability Performance. Answer: Introduction The main purpose of strategic operations management is to help and support the business organizations to increase the overall performance. In order to achieve strategic operations successfully, the business organizations need to consider efficiency and flexibility. The strategic operations management consists of competitive business approaches and moves to ensure successful business performance. This helps the organizations to define the mission and vision of the business by setting accurate objectives and implementing and executing suitable strategies. The fact that everything is done strategically, defines the success of the operations management. This report emphasizes on identifying and analyzing the operations of the organization named Tindo Solar by considering the value chain of the organization. The report also includes the inbound and outbound logistics of the company and its effect on the customers. Tindo Solar is a solar panel manufacturing company based in Adelaide, Australia. Tindo Solar is a national company that designs and manufactures solar panel products strictly based on the Australian conditions. The products manufactured by the company are of superior-quality due to which the products are highly preferable among the customers. The solar panels manufactured by the company require minimal maintenance thereby, making the products cost-effective for the customers. Due to technological advancements, the company has incorporated the latest features in the solar panel products. Therefore, the solar panel products manufactured by Tindo Solar are highly automated and technologically advanced. By considering the present market trend, the company has made required amendments and inclusions in terms of technology in the products. As a result, the solar panels by Tindo Solar are highly preferable within the market and the customers. Moreover, the company provides various service o ptions to the customers such as easy finance and installation along with the installation charge as low as $2000. Furthermore, the company provides more than 20 years as guarantee period thereby, making it more reliable for the customers[1]. Day-to-day operation of Tindo Solar In order to run a business successfully, it is essential for the business organizations to conduct certain operations strategically. This helps in maintaining the track of the various strategic activities conducted for successful business operations. Settings goals timely and the ability of the business organizations to manage the vicissitudes of the daily operations of the business highlight the backbone of the business[2]. Therefore, effective management of the daily operations of Tindo Solar includes managing finances, operation planning, protection of business, benchmarking, supply chain management, management leadership, organizational design and business sustainability[3]. Finance management is a crucial aspect of for Tindo Solar, as this provided opportunity for appropriate financial resource management. Financial management is concerned with the acquisition, financing and management of assets thereby, resulting in the success of the business[4]. The business organizations fail to utilize its complete potential for growth and expansion without proper administration and effective utilization of finance. The main factors of financial management include investment decision, financing decision and dividend decision[5]. Therefore, Tindo Solar need to manage the finance of the company to conduct business successfully. By strategically conducting the investment decision, Tindo Solar will be able to determine the total amount of assets required retention by the organization. Secondly, Tindo Solar needs to manage the supply chain effectively as this will allow the organization for effective management of network planning, inventory control, distribution strategies, outsourcing and procurement[6]. The supply chain of Tindo Solar will help the organization to integrate the stakeholders from the supplier to the customers. This will also help Tindo Solar in promoting mutual sharing of information among the channel members thereby, helping planning and monitoring of the processes[7]. Co-operation among the channel members are essential for effective management of supply chain by promoting coordinated activities by Tindo Solar. Benchmarking is defined as the continuous systematic process of measuring own output or work process against the toughest competitors in the market[8]. Continuous benchmarking will help Tindo Solar to identify their strengths and weakness and work on it to sustain in the competitive market. As the use of solar panel is highly facilitated In Australia, it is essential for Tindo Solar to continuously compare and contrast their operational strategies with the best in the market. Therefore, this will help Tindo Solar to satisfy the customers better by fulfilling the needs and establishing new standards and goals[9]. Moreover, benchmarking will also motivate the employees of Tindo Solar by challenging them professionally and provide career growth. Ensuring business sustainability will allow Tindo Solar conduct business in Australia without hampering the environment but contributing towards the economy of the country[10]. Business sustainability is an integral part of the corporate risk management, as this allows the business organizations protect the environment while conducting business. Therefore, environmental sustainability for the business of Tindo Solar will provide an opportunity for the company to make responsible business decisions. Considering the nature of work done by Tindo Solar, it is already beneficial for the environment, as it is facilitating the use of solar panels within the people. Therefore, both economic and environmental aspect of the country is benefited due to appropriate business sustainability. Linking to the company operations The concept of lean product management theory is defined as the ability of the business organizations of being less wasteful along with doing things that are big for the country, its economy and the environment[11]. However, lean product management theory does not signify being cheap. Therefore, implementation of lean product management theory will help Tindo Solar to maintain the operations of the company by maintaining their profit level along with being less wasteful. The implementation of lean product management theory allowed the managers of Tindo Solar to get the value of the products to the market rapidly. The use of solar panels is highly preferable among the Australian population. Based on the increasing demand for the use of solar panels among the population, the managers of Tindo Solar has served the market. The company began its operation in 2003 and since then has been able to grow their business and customers base successfully. The organization has even opened its branches in Melbourne since the organization began conducting business. The use of this theory has helped Tindo Solar to penetrate the market into the half. Market penetration helped Tindo Solar in working towards the goal instead of building arbitrarily. According to the theory, the managers of Tindo Solar are able to explore the problems rather than emphasizing solely on the requirements. After evaluating the market, the managers came to know about the requirement of the customers. The customers were also encountering issues in terms of maintaining electricity and paying huge bills. Therefore, the company was able to explore the problems of the customers and gather to required features for solving the problem. The company started manufacturing and installing solar panels for the customers thereby, ensuring both solar and environmental help. The company also emphasized on spreading awareness among the people regarding the diverse application of solar panels along with low maintenance and fewer electricity bills. Sustainability of the business operations of the company Ensuring business sustainability will allow Tindo Solar conduct business in Australia without hampering the environment but contributing towards the economy of the country[12]. Business sustainability is an integral part of the corporate risk management, as this allows the business organizations protect the environment while conducting business. Therefore, environmental sustainability for the business of Tindo Solar will provide an opportunity for the company to make responsible business decisions. Considering the nature of work done by Tindo Solar, it is already beneficial for the environment, as it is facilitating the use of solar panels within the people. Therefore, both economic and environmental aspect of the country is benefited due to appropriate business sustainability. The demand of using solar power panel in Australia has increased over the years due to the adverse environmental impact of the conventional electricity system[13]. The heating and cooling machines and systems contribute adversely towards the environment. Therefore, ensuring business sustainability will allow Tindo Solar to manage financial, environmental and social opportunities and obligations appropriately. It has been seen that in order to progress and compete, the business organizations are undertaking strategies without considering the adverse environmental impact. Global warming is one of the biggest examples of such negligence[14]. One of the sustainable business strategies undertaken by Tindo Solar is that the company has taken the initiative of going green with the commercial solar panel in Adelaide and Melbourne[15]. According to the rules and policies of the Australian Government, it is important for the organizations to produce energy from renewable resources[16]. The main motive of Tindo Solar is to produce residential and commercial energy to the people from sunlight. The company installs solar panels on the roofs and ground of the premises in such a way that direct sunlight falls on the panels. The photons of the sunlight then reach the panels and the photovoltaic tubes help in transferring it into useable energy. The use of solar panels for both commercial and residential is beneficial for the environment. The use of solar panels are beneficial are it is one of the renewable producers of energy. Solar panels can be used in all parts that receive sunlight[17]. The use of solar panel as the source of energy completely mitigates the chances of power or electricity cut. Moreover, solar panels can be used as long as sunlight is present in the environment. Therefore, this is a sustainable business approach used by the Tindo Solar that is beneficial for the country, its people and the environment. The solar panels provided by Tindo Solar have diverse applications but low maintenance costs thereby, making the use extremely profitable and beneficial for the environment and the company. The customers using solar panels only need to keep the panels clean and has no other maintenance costs[18]. Moreover, Tindo Solar provides a warranty period of more than 20 years for the products they install thereby, m aintaining sufficient environmental, social and financial sustainability. Conclusion In this report, it can be concluded that Tindo Solar needs to implement strategic operations management for conducting business successfully. Tindo Solar energy is a solar company based in Adelaide, Australia. It is important for the company to manage the strategic operations in terms of financial management, benchmarking, supply chain and sustainability appropriately. The use of lean product management theory will help the organization to maintain the operational management of the product. The use of this theory helped Tindo Solar to manufacture products with huge benefit but not cheap. 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